FAQs – UK Criminal Justice System (CJS)
The questions below give you fast answers to some of the most common worries people have when facing the Criminal Justice System. But every case is different, and the system can feel overwhelming. To get the full picture — with step-by-step guidance, practical tips, and neurodiverse insights — I encourage you to download our free guide: Navigating the CJS. It’s the resource I wish I’d had when I first entered the system.
1. What should I do if someone I know has been arrested in the UK?
If a friend or family member has been arrested, try to stay calm and gather basic information:
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Find out where they are being held (usually at a local police station).
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Contact a solicitor immediately — they have the right to free legal advice. You can ask for the duty solicitor if they don’t have one.
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Do not try to discuss the case with them by phone or in person until they’ve spoken to a solicitor, as calls may be monitored.
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If the person is vulnerable or neurodiverse, you can request that an Appropriate Adult is provided to support them during police interviews.
2. How can I get legal advice if I can’t afford a solicitor?
If you cannot afford legal representation, you may be entitled to legal aid. Duty solicitors at police stations are free of charge. You can also check the GOV.UK Legal Aid Checker to see if you qualify.
3. What is an Appropriate Adult and how do I get one?
An Appropriate Adult is someone who supports vulnerable people, including those with autism, ADHD, or learning disabilities, during police interviews. You can request one at the police station if you find it difficult to understand or communicate.
4. How do I prepare for a court appearance in the UK?
Before going to court, make sure you understand the process:
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Get legal advice from your solicitor.
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Ask for “easy-read” or clear language documents if needed.
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If you are neurodiverse, request reasonable adjustments (e.g., breaks, simplified explanations).
5. What support is available for families of people going through the CJS?
Families often feel overwhelmed. Charities, probation services, and community support groups can help. Praxis Pathways is developing guides for families to understand the process and provide practical advice.
6. Can neurodiverse people get extra support in the CJS?
Yes. Under the Equality Act 2010, courts, police, and prisons must make reasonable adjustments for people with autism, ADHD, dyslexia, or other conditions. This could include extra time, visual aids, or communication support.
7. What happens if I’m found guilty in court?
If you are found guilty, the court will decide your sentence. This may include a fine, community order, or prison. You have the right to appeal. A solicitor can explain your options and next steps.
8. How do probation services support people after prison?
Probation helps with resettlement, including finding housing, employment, and access to mental health services. If you are neurodiverse, probation officers should take your specific needs into account.
9. What mental health support is available in the CJS?
Mental health teams are available in custody, prisons, and probation. If you feel unsafe or unable to cope, tell your solicitor or probation officer immediately. Independent charities can also provide confidential support.
10. How can Praxis Pathways help me navigate the CJS?
Praxis Pathways provides a step-by-step guide to the UK CJS, with practical advice, neurodiverse insights, and resources for individuals and families. Our goal is to make the system less overwhelming and give you tools to move forward with clarity.